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27 pages 54 minutes read

Stephen King

Why We Crave Horror Movies

Stephen KingNonfiction | Essay / Speech | Adult | Published in 1981

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Themes

Good Versus Bad Emotions and Their Expression

Emotions serve as an overarching theme in the essay, particularly the more specific emotion of fear. King addresses the difference between “good” and “bad” emotions and how horror movies allow people to experience negative emotions in an imaginary world instead of letting them run rampant in the real world, thus letting inherent “insanity” briefly run free in a controlled setting.

He describes the emotions that polite society allows, such as love and kindness, and how these good emotions are what society and people are supposed to strive for: “When we exhibit these emotions, society showers us with positive reinforcement” (Paragraph 10). On the other hand, “anticivilization,” or “bad,” emotions will always exist and, King posits, require frequent exercise to keep the “dark side” of humanity sated. Otherwise, the danger is that these dark emotions might escape into the real world. He doesn’t name these anticivilization emotions but instead uses a vignette to illustrate them:

When, as children, we hug our rotten little puke of a sister and give her a kiss, all the aunts and uncles smile and twit and cry. But if we deliberately slam the rotten little puke of a sister’s fingers in the door, sanctions follow—angry remonstrance from parents, aunts, and uncles; instead of a chocolate-covered graham cracker, a spanking (Paragraph 10).

People shouldn’t be punished for having these negative emotions, but they shouldn’t act on them either, he emphasizes. Instead, one safe way to experience them is through horror movies. Society frowns on the primal desire to hurt another human or the pleasure derived from laughing at an inappropriate joke, but everyone experiences dark emotions like hatred, anger, or malevolence. Horror movies allow people to take pleasure in someone else’s pain without being responsible for it. Viewers can watch a character get killed (a person they know isn’t real and who is distant from their own lives) by a murderer whose perception is detached from reality.

Good and bad emotions must coexist; one can’t exist without the other. King argues that in order to have love and kindness, we must in some way address the more dangerous emotions—those that could make some people “insane,” such as most representations of serial killers or horror movie villains. Additionally, he hints at the separation between good and bad emotions—and echoes that binary when he argues that horror movies emphasize absolutes rather than the “gray” middle area.

He concludes, “It was Lennon and McCartney who said that all you need is love, and I would agree with that. As long as you keep the gators fed” (Paragraphs 13- 14). Good versus bad is a theme that appears in many of his other works, and many other films and novels, horror or not, in the form of the fight between good and evil. Although the essay doesn’t explicitly mention this, good versus bad emotions tie in with the good-versus-evil trope. One can think of good characters as exemplifying good emotions and evil characters as feeding their bad emotions.

The Expression of Fear Through Horror Movies

Fear is the main emotion that King focuses on in the essay, and he examines how horror movies can help audiences express their fear. He considers why people, all of whom fear something to some degree, might intentionally watch a movie whose main purpose is to create fear in its audience through scary situations, characters, lighting, or cinematography. He details different types of irrational fears, such as being afraid of snakes or the dark, and emphasizes that fear is universal because everyone shares the fear of death. Attending a horror movie is thus an attempt to exert power over one’s fear without putting oneself in true danger.

He argues that audiences use horror movies to face their fears or alleviate anxieties, especially the fear of death:

It may be that horror movies provide psychic relief on this level because this invitation to lapse into simplicity, irrationality and even outright madness is extended so rarely. We are told that we may allow our emotions a free rein…or no rein at all (Paragraph 7).

These movies allow people to experience fear in a safe way, to be afraid without experiencing the associated danger, and to let out repressed fears without repercussions. King posits that this is not just a means for expression but a necessary release.

Watching horror movies is a vicarious experience of fear for audiences because the terrifying situation in a film is happening to someone else, while audiences are safe in their seats. King ties fear to “insanity” by claiming that irrational fears like the fear of snakes, claustrophobia, and a fear of heights are all a little “insane.” He touches on the ultimate fear of death as part of the constellation of irrational fears and proposes that going to see a horror movie is a way of facing the fear of death through entertainment. Using the analogy of the horror movie in comparison to a roller coaster, he explains that watching a horror movie is a way “to show that we can, that we are not afraid, that we can ride this roller coaster” (Paragraph 3), letting people prove to themselves that they can deal with their fears and come out alive, including the most daunting and primal fear of death. Precisely because horror movies depict such fear, people can face it, one step away from it, with a screen between them and reality.

“Insanity” and Normality in Society and Horror Film

Throughout the essay, King braids fear with “insanity” in comparison to “normality,” showing how everyone is “insane” in some way because of their fears. He begins with the line, “I think we’re all mentally ill; those of us outside the asylums only hide it a little better—and maybe not all that much better, after all” (Paragraph 1). He continues by explaining that people have different levels of “insanity” and different ways of showing that side, from talking to themselves to experiencing irrational fears.

Horror movies help viewers face those “insane” fears and reinforce their sense of “normality.” King explains, “Freda Jackson as the horrible melting woman in Die, Monster, Die! confirms for us that no matter how far we may be removed from the beauty of a Robert Redford or a Diana Ross, we are still light-years from true ugliness” (Paragraph 4). Everyday people are “normal” in comparison to the most revolting monster in a horror film; this reinforces their sense of fitting into society and reminds them that they’re “well-adjusted.” Furthermore, if “insanity” is a spectrum, then people can compare themselves to others, even serial killers, and recognize their own mental health. The “insanity” spectrum runs the gamut from serial killers on the furthest end of the spectrum to “normal” horror movie viewers, even those who exhibit some kind of “insane” behavior in real life:

If your insanity leads you to carve up women like Jack the Ripper and the Cleveland Torso Murderer, we clap you away to the funny farm (but neither of those two amateur-night surgeons was ever caught, heh-heh-heh); if, on the other hand, your insanity leads you only to talk to yourself when you’re under stress or pick your nose on your morning bus, then you are left alone to go about your business (Paragraph 8).

Society ignores or even accepts certain types of “abnormality.” In fact, horror movies allow viewers to experience “insanity” safely and find an outlet for their own “insane” fears, no matter how small they may be: “It may be that horror movies provide psychic relief on this level because this invitation to lapse into simplicity, irrationality and even outright madness is extended so rarely” (Paragraph 7). Horror films serve the dual purpose of letting audiences experience those “insane” parts of themselves while also separating themselves into the category of “normal.” They may be a little “insane,” but at least they’re far removed from that killer in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre.

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