48 pages • 1 hour read
Margaret VerbleA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
On Monday, Clive and Helen attend the first day of the appeal of the Scopes trial. Both are pleased to have seats in the crowded courtroom to witness the prosecution’s fiery closing arguments. Afterward, they have tea in Nashville’s fashionable Hermitage Hotel, hoping to spot the defense lawyer, Clarence Darrow. Helen feels filled with joy when she returns to the dormitory and describes every detail to Two, who privately thinks that it’s ridiculous for a court to question whether humans and animals are related.
Desperate to determine which room Two has been moved into, Jack pays a young boy one dollar to release a lemur named Mickey into her dormitory. The boy hesitates but agrees when Jack describes it as a prank on a girl that he is courting. The boy successfully releases Mickey but gets caught by Two who trips him with her crutches. Under questioning, the boy describes Jack in such detail that the park’s security and Two immediately recognize him. Two denies dating Jack, and the park security promises to remove him from the park.
Jack leaves Glendale, furious about being fired. He enters the nearby Oriental Golf Club claiming to be waiting for the Glendale groundskeeper, one of the club’s members, and buys more cigarettes. In his pocket, he finds the bandana he stole from Two’s dormitory while the lemur was causing chaos. Jack becomes aroused as he smells the bandana. Little Elk, who has been following Jack since he began stalking Two, feels infuriated by Jack’s theft. Strengthened by tobacco, Little Elk throws his club at Jack, who feels the physical sensation of the ghost’s attack. Jack flees the park.
Realizing that her bandana is missing, Two immediately suspects Jack. She retrieves a gun from her trunk and carries it with her. Two tells Crawford about Jack’s antics, and he questions why a white man would want to be Indigenous. He confirms that Glendale was built on an ancient grave site, but encourages her not to think about it. On her way home, Two rests against a tree and hears her grandmother’s voice encouraging her to smudge. She gathers sacred plants from across the park and burns them to cleanse her space. She falls asleep, then wakes up feeling rebalanced.
Clive and Helen attend the second day of the Scopes appeal and are impressed with the arguments and rhetoric of the defense. At tea, they criticize the ignorance of anti-evolution activists and debate the outcome of the appeal. The couple returns to the dormitory horrified to learn about Jack’s harassment of Two. Meanwhile, Little Elk guards Two as she sits on the porch. He worries that Jack—whom he has nicknamed Pale Jump—will return, and considers the best way to grow strong enough to kill him.
Disturbed by how clearly she heard her grandmother’s voice, Two writes to her family asking about her grandmother’s health. Duncan Shelton appears to ask for Two’s help with the arrival of the turtles they ordered for racing. Two realizes that the turtles will easily escape their new pen, and gives half-hearted advice on how to restrain them. She then visits Dinah, the sick hippopotamus. The groundskeeper, John Murkin, explains that Dinah has worms but they’re being treated. Two has a vision of Dinah dead, and questions Murkin’s treatment plan.
Crawford gifts Two a small cart drawn by a Shetland pony, explaining that it was Bonita’s idea. Two is thrilled to be able to navigate the park more easily. She visits Dinah and speaks to her directly. She then visits Adam, the buffalo on loan from 101 Ranch. She tells him about Ocher’s death and warns him to watch for Jack, whom she fears is a witch. When Two returns the cart to the stable, Crawford asks her for advice about Bonita. Two tells him to wait for a path to open up for him.
Little Elk follows Two out of the stables, contemplating his new strength. Having spent time with smokers at the golf club where he scared Jack, Little Elk has inhaled and collected enough tobacco to make his presence felt. He suddenly longs for Two to see him and begins howling. Two turns, aware of his presence, and Little Elk howls louder, falling in love. As a member of the Wolf Clan, Two hears the howling sound as a sign from her elders and takes it, along with her grandmother’s voice, as a sign that something important is happening. She returns to the dormitory, exhausted, where Helen comforts her.
Clive and Helen become an official item, to the delight of all. Two spends her days visiting and talking to animals at the park. She tells the brown bear, Tom Noddy, stories about the Bear Clan, and asks Dinah what she needs to be happy. Dinah, who was born in captivity and taken from her family at a young age, isn’t sure. Two feels that her forced stillness is bringing her closer to the animals and her elders. At the buffalo pen, she is approached by three young girls who say their editor father wants to interview her.
Two waits for Crawford to bring her cart to the giant tree behind her dormitory—a meeting place chosen by Crawford, who worries they might be in trouble if they’re seen together too often. When Crawford doesn’t appear, she searches for him and learns that Dinah has died. Christa Belle uses racial slurs to refer to Crawford, and Two knocks her onto the ground. Two finds Crawford at Dinah’s tank and tries to figure out how she died. Crawford seems anxious to be seen with her, and leaves. A reporter approaches Two to ask for an interview.
Clive and Murkin have dinner at Longview, the Shackleford’s home. Shackleford worries that Dinah’s death will bring bad publicity to Glendale. After dinner, he leaves to try to dissuade his son Lewis from buying a baseball team. Clive confides in Mrs. Shackleford about his relationship with Helen and his experience with the ghost of his cousin Millwood. Mrs. Shackleford reveals that the ghost of a Confederate soldier is tied to Longview, and that it has tried to stop her from erecting a memorial to the Civil War dead on both sides.
Verble juxtaposes the Tennessee Supreme Court appeal of the infamous Scopes trial with a heightened emphasis on Communication Between Human and Non-Human Beings, underscoring the difference in belief system and cultural worldview between white America and Indigenous communities in 1920s Tennessee. The novel’s treatment of the trial emphasizes its significance as a serious scientific and religious debate, as well as a source of entertainment for the employees of Glendale and the people of Nashville. On the first day of the trial, Clive and Helen are primarily concerned with “noting who’d managed to get in and feeling glad to be included in the select few” (218). For white Tennessee residents, the trial acts as a kind of status symbol, with the city’s elite granted tickets to watch inside while “plain people took up posts outside the windows” (218). The distinction between “the select few” and the “plain people” in these passages suggests that the Scopes appeal has become a social event. After the trial, Clive and Helen wait with other elite Nashville residents at a posh hotel for “a close glimpse of the famous Mr. Darrow” (219), the defense’s primary lawyer.
With the trial in progress, Verble reifies her portrayal of the kinship between humans and animals that forms a key component of Two and Little Elk’s worldview. While Clive and Helen are attending the Scopes trial, Jack uses a lemur as a distraction while he sneaks into Two’s dormitory. Little Elk repeatedly refers to the lemur as “the little ring-tailed person” (231, 245), while Two calls him “a destructive little human being” (255). These repeated references to the lemur as a person reflect Two and Little Elk’s belief in the kinship ties between humans and animals. The juxtaposition of these beliefs with the debate surrounding the Scopes trial highlights the absurdity of the debate over creation versus evolution from the perspective of the novel’s Indigenous characters.
Although many characters of all races interact with and care for animals in the novel, Verble emphasizes Two’s respect for and intimacy with animals—whom she considers equals and kin—as a key part of her characterization. Two’s injury forces her to slow down her pace of life, and she replaces her adventurous stunts with time spent “visiting” (a verb Verble uses repeatedly throughout chapters 40 and 42) the animals. Chapter 40 describes Two Feathers’s “many discussions with Tom [the brown bear cub] about them being kin,” and how she values their “confidential conversations” (253). Later, when Two visits Adam the buffalo to warn him to watch out for Jack, she feels “certain he [is] listening” (254). Two’s visits with the animals throughout this section of the novel highlight her ability to communicate effectively with them. The juxtaposition of Two’s belief in the personhood and communication of animals and the Scopes trial highlights the differences in worldview between white and Indigenous Americans.
Two’s injury also changes the nature of her relationship with Crawford, underscoring The Racial and Ethnic Tensions of 1920s America. Outside of the privacy of the barn, Crawford is reluctant to be seen with Two, warning her that “white folks’ll have a go-to-pieces” if they think he is dating a non-Black woman (253). The social complications of a friendship between a Black man and an Indigenous woman represent a microcosm of the larger stakes of survival for characters of color in the context of Verble’s novel.
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