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59 pages 1 hour read

Sir Walter Scott

Waverley

Sir Walter ScottFiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1814

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Volume 2, Chapters 16-30Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Volume 2, Chapter 16 Summary: "An Incident Gives Rise to Unavailing Reflections"

Edward joins Fergus’s men toward the front of the march, where he is accepted by the clan almost as warmly as Fergus is. The prince calls Fergus to attend to some English prisoners, and among them, Edward discovers a man he knows from Waverley-Honour named Houghton. Edward asks Fergus to get the injured Houghton a surgeon, but the man dies shortly after. Before his death, Edward learns from Houghton that the Waverley family seal had been stolen from him by Donald Bean Lean, who had used it to persuade his fellow soldiers to desert their regiment.

Volume 2, Chapter 17 Summary: "The Eve of Battle"

Near the town of Preston, the Jacobites see the English upon a plain where the Highlanders have the higher ground. The Jacobites skirmish with the army of Sir John Cope. Edward debates his loyalties as he sees Callum about to kill his former Colonel. There is a break in fighting at night, and Edward fears for his friends.

Volume 2, Chapter 18 Summary: "The Conflict"

The Highland army starts to move in on the English early in the morning, nearly surprising them as they approach. The ferocity and courage of the Highland infantry frightens many of the members of the English cavalry and artillery, leading them to fall back. Edward spots a high-ranking English soldier and saves his life by getting him to surrender. He sees Colonel Gardiner and tries to save him, but he is slain by Edward’s friends.

Volume 2, Chapter 19 Summary: "An Unexpected Embarrassment"

Bradwardine and Fergus debate who should do the honor of removing the prince’s shoes, with Fergus making fun of the baron’s ridiculousness.

Volume 2, Chapter 20 Summary: "The English Prisoner"

Edward visits the prisoner he had saved during the battle, a man named Colonel Phillip Talbot. He knows Edward’s uncle. Talbot is sad to see Edward has become a Jacobite and informs him that his uncle and father have been charged with treason. He had come to Scotland for the express purpose of returning Edward to England because he feels indebted to Sir Everard. Fergus summons Edward to speak with the Prince, but before he goes he ensures Talbot is comfortable as a prisoner.

Volume 2, Chapter 21 Summary: "Rather Unimportant"

Fergus berates Edward for his wavering loyalties after meeting with the English soldier, not understanding why he is cast down after a great victory. Edward is somewhat annoyed by Fergus’s lack of sympathy in comparison to his cause. The Prince charges Edward to do with Talbot what he wants to help him gain the Colonel’s confidence.

Volume 2, Chapter 22 Summary: "Intrigues of Love and Politics"

Edward accompanies Colonel Talbot to Edinburgh as the armies return to the city, and Edward tells him his whole story since leaving his regiment. Talbot tells him he could help secure his pardon from the English if they were to escape, but Edward cannot think of turning against the Jacobites. He is reminded of the letters Alice had given him days earlier and finds them in Edinburgh. The letters are from Colonel Gardiner, showing that he had sent several letters before labeling him a deserter. He also finds letters that show a correspondence between Donald Bean Lean and his soldiers in which he attempted to recruit the men as Jacobites.

Volume 2, Chapter 23 Summary: "Intrigues of Society and Love"

Talbot and Edward grow closer despite Talbot’s prejudices toward Edward’s Scottish friends. The Highlanders attempt to siege Edinburgh Castle for weeks, during which time Edward frequently visits Flora and Rose. Though Flora still does not care for him romantically, Rose rises in Edward’s estimation as he gets to know her. Flora had known since their first meeting in Edinburgh that Rose had feelings for Edward, and attempts to push her two friends together, despite Fergus’s jokes about marrying Rose himself. Flora thinks Edward and Rose are compatible because of their shared passivity and interest in the romantic.

Volume 2, Chapter 24 Summary: "Fergus a Suitor"

Edward meets Fergus one day while Fergus is in a great rage. He has come from a meeting with the Prince, who has refused a political plan to claim his earldom and marry Rose. The Prince told Fergus that Rose’s feelings were engaged elsewhere and that he could not consent to the match, leaving Edward feeling confused about his feelings toward Rose.

Volume 2, Chapter 25 Summary: "‘To One Thing Constant Never’"

Edward meets Rose and Flora at tea and wonders why he cares who Rose marries. After a reading of Romeo and Juliet, Edward decides he should give up his pursuit of Flora, but he does not know what to do about Rose.

Volume 2, Chapter 26 Summary: “A Brave Man in Sorrow”

One night, Edward hears crying from Talbot’s room and discovers him reading a letter from his sister. His sister informs him that, after hearing news of the English defeat, Talbot’s pregnant wife assumed him dead, became ill, and lost her pregnancy. Edward feels he is to blame for this, and as Talbot’s sister urges him to come home, Edward knows he must help Talbot escape even if he is persecuted for it.

Volume 2, Chapter 27 Summary: "Exertion"

By the following morning, Edward has secured Talbot’s personal pardon from the prince and arranged his voyage back to England. The two part amicably, though Talbot continues to harbor prejudice against the Scots.

Volume 2, Chapter 28 Summary: "The March"

The Prince’s armies move into England, where Edward observes that the people are afraid of the Highlanders and do not sympathize with their cause. Edward finally tells Fergus that he is giving up his pursuit of Flora, which angers her brother as he knows the match would be politically beneficial for both. The two argue about it and ignore each other for a few days before Bradwardine and the Prince try to reconcile them.

Volume 2, Chapter 29 Summary: "The Confusion of King Agramant’s Camp"

Evan warns Edward that Fergus’s men are convinced that Edward has slighted Flora and will attempt to shoot him. Edward confronts Fergus when Callum attempts to kill him, and the two men discuss Flora and Rose. Fergus had been informed by the prince that Rose is to be married to Edward. Fergus challenges Edward to a duel for slighting his sister and stealing his intended wife, and both men draw on each other before the prince can stop the duel. He demands to know what makes the men quarrel, but as Bradwardine is nearby, they refuse to speak of his daughter. Bradwardine is sent away and the prince clears up the confusion between Fergus and Edward. The two shake hands.

Volume 2, Chapter 30 Summary: "A Skirmish"

The Prince’s plan to take England fails and Charles Edward commands the men to retreat northward. Fergus is heartbroken by the news. He seeks out Edward and tells him he has written to Flora, who confirmed that she never encouraged Edward. The two men become friends again, and Fergus tells Edward he should marry Rose and take her and Flora back to England, as his hopes for victory are gone. Fergus prophesies the total obliteration of the Highlanders and his death in the following days when he sees a ghost his forefathers have always seen before their deaths. The Highlanders meet with an English army later that night and Edward is separated from Fergus and can only hope he has been taken prisoner rather than killed.

Volume 2, Chapters 16-30 Analysis

The focus of this section of the novel is on Tolerance and Understanding in the Face of Political Upheaval. Edward embodies the potential for tolerance and understanding of others despite opposing political beliefs. The source of Edward’s open-mindedness is the fact that personal relationships always come before political ideology for him. He is persuaded to take up the Jacobite cause, for instance, primarily because of the personal connections he feels to Fergus, Flora, and the prince. In this section of the novel, however, his tendency to prioritize relationships over politics comes into conflict with the tendency of others around him to interpret all relationships through the lens of politics and ambition.

Edward’s feelings of personal responsibility to people on opposite sides of the conflict undermine his political commitment. He wavers in his Jacobite convictions upon meeting Talbot and Houghton, even feeling guilt when he watches his former Colonel be killed by one of his friends. When Edward discovers that Talbot’s wife is ill because she thinks he has died, Edward feels he is the one to blame because Talbot came to Scotland to find him. Once again, Fergus is Edward’s foil in this section. For Fergus, who is described first and foremost as a politician, everything is political. Though he likes Rose, his desire to marry her is not based on love but on political advantage, as marrying her would land him Tully-Veolan and an earldom. Because most of the characters share Fergus’s habit of seeing personal relationships through the lens of politics, they misinterpret Edward’s empathy as a signal of his political beliefs. Just as Edward’s relationship with Talbot is seen as political by the prince, his relationship with Fergus is seen as a political statement by the Hanoverians, something that becomes even more complicated when Edward and Fergus begin to fight. Even Edward’s loss of hope for marrying Flora is seen as a slight against her that impacts her whole clan and nearly gets Edward killed. The domestic and personal spheres become enmeshed with the battle between Jacobites and Hanoverians, making Edward’s personal relationships fundamentally political.

The more he is drawn into the center of the uprising, and the more he observes the conflict at close range, the more Edward debates his loyalties. He receives a shock when he learns that Donald Bean Lean had been posing as him to recruit English soldiers and an even greater shock when he learns that Colonel Gardiner was not actually as prejudiced against him as he thought. Edward became a Jacobite after the cruelty he faced in the English army, but he questions the choices that led him to side with the prince. These questions become even more pronounced when he begins to befriend Talbot, who still wants to help Edward despite his politics. Though Edward refuses to sell out the Highlanders, he still questions whether he should stay with them or return to England. After Edward is still gloomy once the Jacobites win a battle, Fergus tells him, “I cannot tell what to make of you, [...] you are blown about with every wind of doctrine” (472), showing how much his lack of firm political principles affect others. His deteriorating relationship with Fergus and his changing feelings for Rose and Flora only adds to Edward’s wavering. Yet once the Jacobites begin their retreat from England, his views begin to become more clear. Alienated by the actions of both the Jacobites and the Hanoverians, Edward affirms his loyalties to individuals over political causes.

The final chapters of this section see a major shift in the tone of the Jacobite uprising which is reflected in the style of narration. For a while, the Jacobites have the upper hand, and everyone is generally hopeful for a restoration of the Stuart kings. However, things go wrong once they get to England. There is a notable difference in the way the Jacobites’ cause is described by the narrator as he is speaking from the point of view of the future. Historically, the Jacobites expected English support and French reinforcements once they got to England, but received neither, turning the tide of the uprising and forcing them to retreat northward. This sudden shift from hope to despondency is symbolized by Fergus and his prophecy of his own death. As one of the characters most committed to restoring the Stuarts to the throne, Edward is shocked when Fergus tells him of his sudden loss of conviction. Similarly, England itself acts as a symbol of desolation and a lack of hope in these chapters. The cold and barren landscapes of winter in Northern England parallel the feelings of the Jacobites as they are forced to retreat.

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