49 pages • 1 hour read
Heda Margolius KovályA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The Cold War has begun, and the Iron Curtain has cut off Czechoslovakia and much of the rest of Eastern Europe from its Western counterparts. The radio offers little news about Western Europe, and the only Western books translated at the time “gave a grim picture” (94) of life there. Heda writes of her certainty that “police surveillance had become the rule all over the world—not only in our own country” (94). The lack of information inspires a growing fear, and no one dares to criticize Czechoslovakia’s increasingly brutal judicial system. Heda says that when the arrests “first started, it was generally assumed that the accused were all guilty of something” (94).
When people in Heda and Rudolf’s circle are arrested, the couple begins to doubt the judicial process. At first, they believe that the arrests are mistakes that will be rectified. The country soon experiences shortages of basic goods, and people find themselves without enough money. A lack of trust begins to work its way through all facets of society.
The publishing house that employs Heda closes, and she takes a new position at a different publishing house. The workers there are deeply involved in the Party, and they know little about how to keep a publishing house afloat. Many of them are university students who have dedicated their lives to the Party. Heda is astonished that people so young would give up all aspects of their social lives. Within two years, the company is bankrupt.
In February 1951, Heda attends a gala reception with her husband, where a drunk President Gottwald accosts her, demanding that she drink with him. When she returns home that night, her head rings with all the Party cries she heard: “By 1951,” Heda writes, “the atmosphere in Prague was almost as bad as it had been during the war” (100). Heda wants Rudolf to quit his job, but he refuses. He still believes that if he does nothing wrong, he will not be arrested.
That spring, Rudolf becomes ill and is diagnosed with nervous exhaustion. Rudolf attempts to quit his job, with his doctor’s help, but his resignation is not accepted. Heda begins to suspect that a disproportionate percentage of those being arrested are Jews. Rudolf does not believe her.
At the beginning of 1952, food and goods shortages still plague the city. The relationship between Heda and her husband continues to deteriorate. One day, Heda decides that she will make a radical change. She will infuse her life with hope again. She plans to exercise more, she puts on music, and she buys flowers for her home. She eagerly awaits Rudolf’s arrival that night.
Rudolf, however, does not come home. Around one in the morning, the doorbell rings, and Heda learns that Rudolf has been arrested. Men search her house. They confiscate many documents, including Heda’s private diary, believing the documents contain secret codes. Although Heda is frightened, she realizes she must remain calm to convince the men of Rudolf’s innocence. She attempts to contact influential people she knows, but no one will take her call.
Heda receives advice from a friend named Pavel. When she travels to his house, she realizes the secret State Security police are following her. Pavel’s only advice is to “[d]o everything and expect nothing” (74). He tells her to be persistent in her efforts to communicate with her husband’s captors. Pavel suspects that Heda’s home has been bugged, and he warns her to be careful. He, too, is eventually arrested. Heda finds herself in a familiar situation, where everyone is hesitant to help and protective of their own survival.
Heda hires a lawyer for her husband, even though she doubts he will be of much use. Soon, a letter from her husband arrives, but it doesn’t communicate much, only that he is “well” and “doesn’t want her to worry” (119). A month later, she is fired from her job. Old friends will no longer communicate with her. Heda hurries to find another job, as being unemployed is illegal, and she finds herself working for low pay at a machine shop. In dire financial straits, she decides to move to a cheaper apartment. The Ministry of Foreign Trade will not allow her to move, however, until Rudolf’s case is “resolved,” because they want to keep the apartment under their control. Heda works tirelessly to earn enough money. At night, she continues to write correspondence on behalf of her husband. She makes it “an iron rule never to work on Sunday afternoons” and to take her son, Ivan, to “the outskirts of Prague and walk in the woods” (122).
She and Rudolf are allowed to write to each other once a month. In these letters, no details of his situation are mentioned. Instead, they reminisce. One night, an older woman comes to her door. She tells Heda that Rudolf’s file is marked with the letter S, which Heda later finds out stands for the Slánský Case.
Heda has become completely excluded from public life in Prague. Fifty thousand people have been jailed. In one letter, Rudolf writes that, at night, he can hear a nightingale sing. Using this information, Heda tries to guess where he is being held captive. Later, she finds out he was in the prison at Ruzyn, “one of the most notorious Nazi torture chambers” (126).
Rudolf’s cousin Marie offers to take Ivan to the countryside on vacation with her children. While Ivan is away, Heda learns that Rudolf has been expelled from the Communist Party. His expulsion, she knows, is a bad sign. Heda’s neighbors treat her rudely. One afternoon, two people come to inspect the apartment and take inventory. Heda faints, thinking that her husband has been killed. When she recovers, she finds out that he is still awaiting trial.
While working in the machine shop, Heda experiences a blinding pain. She stays in bed the following day, dreading the idea of being sick; she can’t afford to miss work. She drags herself to work and writes a letter for the company newsletter protesting working conditions. She is offered a position to work for the newsletter regularly. Now, a few days a month, she will not have to do back-breaking work while standing.
Her lawyer notifies her that her bank passbooks have been recovered, which means that Heda can afford medical attention. It is incredibly difficult to get a hospital referral, however, so Heda, unaware of the true nature of her illness, feigns appendicitis to receive treatment. Although she has been ill for six weeks, she is incorrectly diagnosed with the flu. Finally, she is taken to the hospital. While in the hospital, in a haze of morphine, she is notified that Rudolf’s trial is to take place soon.
Rudolf’s failure to see the contradictory nature of communism provides insight into the theme of Ideology as a Means to Legitimate Power. His idealism and his faith in humanity, ironically, set him up for a difficult fall. As conditions in Prague become increasingly dangerous, Rudolf believes he has little to fear; the arrests begin, and soon he is found guilty of a crime he did not commit. He realizes too late that under Czechoslovakia’s communist government, truth is whatever the Party says it is.
Heda’s life after Rudolf’s arrest is lonely; her husband is in prison, her friends have abandoned her, and the regime’s laws force her to work while ill. Her attitude toward her isolation is different from previous moments of isolation in the memoir, and she displays a deepening understanding of this prevalent theme in this passage:
I understood [it] and could bear the isolation better than most people in the same situation. The war had inured me to it and, besides, I knew that I had no right to expose other people to danger. Why should anyone risk his job or the safety of his family or, perhaps, his freedom, just to talk to me? (117).
Heda’s understanding of human nature has matured, revealing her to be a dynamic figure; no longer is she mystified by the rejection of others now that she better understands the dangers of exposure to others.
Even while living in difficult circumstances, Heda still makes time to interact with nature, and these interactions reflect the significance of nature symbolism in the memoir. Though her low wages mean that she must work almost constantly to survive, she makes a point of keeping her Sunday afternoons free. On those afternoons, she brings Ivan, her son, to the woods at the edge of town. There, they play “in the grass and [sail] little boats in the brook in the wooded valley just beyond the last stop of the streetcar” (122). Just as nature was a safe space for Heda in prior moments of trauma and uncertainty, these spaces provide her and her child with a respite from the struggles of real life. Heda demonstrates to Ivan that the natural world remains free and beautiful despite the oppression and ugliness found in human societies.
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