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45 pages 1 hour read

Johanna Reiss

The Upstairs Room

Johanna ReissFiction | Novel | YA | Published in 1972

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Chapters 4-6Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 4 Summary

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes a discussion of antisemitism.

While Annie is on the bus, Dutch soldiers stop the vehicle for a routine inspection. When a soldier asks if the suitcase is hers, Annie claims it’s full of girls’ clothes she’s delivering to her aunt. The soldier nods and walks on. The bus continues to Enschede, where Annie disembarks, meets Dini Hannink, and bikes to Usselo. Safe inside the Hannink house, Sini and Annie share a room upstairs. After their first night, the girls are restless and wake early. As she listens to the family get ready for her day, Annie thinks of how she had places to go before the “tree said all those things” (46). She remembers going to a hotel on the ocean. When Annie asks Sini about their mother, her sister confesses that their mother never understood the threat they faced but that their father was scared.

Mr. Hannink builds an underground hiding place in case the house is searched. Annie longs to go there. Sini, meanwhile, hates being inside and yearns to go out. When Dini leaves for school, Annie watches from the window, fighting off envy. Soon, they learn that their mother has died in the hospital. Sini and Annie sit in the upstairs room and cry. They long for Rachel to join them, but she has gone into hiding somewhere else. Losing track of time, they begin to mark off days on a calendar. Annie thinks about the underground hiding place and again romanticizes being there, envisioning a fun cave. She becomes jealous when Mr. Hannink temporarily hides two other Jews there.

One day it snows, and Dini builds a snowman beneath their window for the girls to enjoy. On Christmas, the Hanninks have guests, but when Annie accidentally tips over a chair, all goes silent downstairs. Because of this and Mr. Hannink being followed by a German soldier, he moves the girls to the hiding place for a day until he can transport them to a nearby farm. Annie is excited and wishes they could stay in the cave for more than one day. It is New Year’s Eve. When Mr. Hannink takes them to the hiding place, though, Annie’s eagerness vanishes, for it is dark and dank. They talk about what they’ll do once they’re free. When Mr. Hannink retrieves them, they walk in the dark to a neighboring farm.

Chapter 5 Summary

At the farmhouse, the girls meet Johan Oosterveld, his wife Dientje, and his mother Opoe (Granny). Mr. Hannink leaves, promising to return in a week or two. The Oostervelds have a radio, and because of the news broadcasts, Johan believes the Germans will be defeated soon. When everyone retires upstairs, the girls learn that the back bedroom is too cold in the winter, so Annie sleeps in the bed with the couple, while Sini sleeps on a mattress on the floor. Because the room is in the front of the house, the girls need to be careful near the windows. Also, the house has no bathroom, so the girls must use a chamber pot.

Johan and Opoe rise early every morning to tend to the farm. A few days a week, Johan travels to neighboring town, Boekelo, to work. After breakfast, Dientje brings a bowl of water for the girls to wash up, emphasizing how dangerous it is to hide the girls. Sini and Annie say nothing until Dientje leaves. When Dientje comes back, they ask for books to read. Later, Opoe sits with them and darns socks so that they aren’t lonely. Sini helps with the socks. For dinner, Dientje brings a bowl of meat, potatoes, and beans. Realizing that the meat is pork, the girls don’t eat it. However, when they learn that the potatoes and beans were cooked with the pork, Sini agrees to try it next time.

After a few days, Dientje prods Johan about when Mr. Hannink will return for the girls, frequently reiterating that their lives are in danger. Johan demands that she stop asking. Soon after, Dientje takes Annie’s measurements to make her a new dress. Johan declares that he doesn’t want the girls to leave, and Annie and Sini are relieved. Then, he locks the doors and draws the shades so that they can all go downstairs. Pulling a radio from the ceiling, Johan listens to the news with the girls. Later, when Annie asks about a book, Johan says that the minister has some and that Dientje can borrow one from him.

When Dientje suggests a hiding place for the girls in case German soldiers come, Johan builds one in the bedroom closet. He cuts the closet in half, creates a hiding space and erects a wall with movable shelves in front of it. The Oostervelds leave it open so that the girls can get in quickly if necessary. They also decide that someone must always be home to put the shelf back in place once the girls hide. Every day, Annie and Sini practice getting into the space quickly.

Chapter 6 Summary

After a month at the Oostervelds, Opoe brings the girls a calendar to mark off the days. They learn that Opoe will turn 71 next Sunday. Then Annie realizes she doesn’t know what the outside of the house looks like because they arrived in the dark. The next day, Dientje returns from the minister’s house with a book for the girls to share. She was hesitant to ask the minister for more lest it look suspicious. However, Dientje was happy to do something for the girls. Annie and Sini take turns reading the book until Johan invites them downstairs to listen to the news. They learn that the Russians defeated the Germans in Stalingrad and are ecstatic. Later that night, planes fly overhead, keeping them awake, and Sini’s excitement fades as she realizes that the war isn’t ending.

On Opoe’s birthday, Johan gets extra cloth from work for the girls to give her. Then, they all have an early dinner downstairs. Instead of drawing the shades, they close the gate so that they can hear any visitors arrive. Used to days filled with nothing to do, Annie thinks their life is now exciting. As they feast on chicken, Annie takes in the room and is drawn to a picture of birds and a horse, which Opoe made 50 years ago. Opoe insists that Dientje make an apron for her out of the cloth the girls gave her. Johan is thankful to be a farmer because food is rationed, and folks in the city aren’t getting much to eat. Opoe wishes the girls could stay downstairs, but then the gate opens, so the girls must hide.

The Hanninks visit Opoe and then go upstairs to see the girls. Annie and Sini ask about Rachel and their father, who rarely write. Also, the girls learn that “Hendrik,” whom Opoe mentions all the time, is her late husband. When more visitors arrive, the Hanninks must go, and the girls listen for hours while more people arrive to celebrate Opoe’s birthday. Opoe sneaks cake upstairs to the girls, and they quietly light a fire in the stove.

Chapters 4-6 Analysis

In these chapters, it becomes clear how much the Oostervelds care for the girls. The family brings them small tokens, such as a calendar and a book, to brighten the girls’ days in the upstairs room, and Johan continues to invite them downstairs to listen to the news broadcasts. On Opoe’s birthday, the girls even partake in a big family meal in celebration. Opoe says, “I wish you could stay down here this afternoon […] It sure would be nice” (92). If the Oostervelds originally felt it was their moral obligation to hide the girls, Opoe’s statement shows that their sentiments have grown beyond an obligation. Wishing to spend an entire day with Annie and Sini demonstrates the close connection that has blossomed between the girls and the family. This caring relationship directly juxtaposes how the Germans view the Jews, as inferior and unlikable.

Additionally, Annie continues to mature as she understands more about their situation, thematically supporting The Loss of Innocence in Extreme Circumstances. When Annie first learns about the underground hiding place, she romanticizes it. In fact, when Mr. Hannink temporarily hides two other Jews there, she thinks, “Why didn’t he take us there, and let them stay up here? […] They probably didn’t even want a home. I didn’t want one. I wanted a cave!” (52). Calling it a cave, Annie views the underground hiding place as an adventure or a game. This thought highlights her immaturity and naiveté, especially because she would rather live there than in an actual home. On New Year’s Eve, when they must move to the hiding place for a full day, Annie tells her sister that she yearns to be underground for longer. Because of her outlook, she doesn’t feel fear that her life is in jeopardy but, rather, the excitement of going on an adventure. However, once they enter the hiding place, Annie changes her mind: “Now that we were here I didn’t like the cave. There was nothing special about a hole in the ground […] I wanted to leave now” (56). Once reality sets in, Annie understands that this is no adventure. The dark, dank underground space helps her realize that she’s in danger and not in a desirable situation. This extreme circumstance forces Annie to lose her childlike perspective and confront reality, thus leading to a loss of innocence.

Another theme that this section further develops is Sacrifices During Wartime. Dientje reminds the girls and Johan of the danger they’ve placed themselves in by helping when she recounts the story of another family, whom the Germans caught: “The people who hid’m were shot. If they catch us, Johan, that’s it. That’s it” (73-74). She reveals that collaborators who hide Jews are punished too. When she says “that’s it,” she’s referring to their own deaths. The danger for the Oostervelds is just as great as the peril the girls face. She tells Annie and Sini directly, “If you girls knew how dangerous it is for us to have you” (67). In addition to the peril, Dientje demonstrates her constant fear, which she needs to articulate. Many times, she asks Johan when Mr. Hannink will return for the girls. However, given that she enjoys their company and that she’s making a dress for Annie, she clearly cares for them; the reason she longs for them to leave is to restore her family’s lives to safety. In addition to putting their safety at risk, the girls’ presence makes the Oostervelds lives much less comfortable, for now they must share a bed and a room with the girls. Additionally, other small actions put everyone in jeopardy. When Dientje goes to the minister to borrow a book for the girls to read, she tells them, “I wish I could’ve brought you two books, but that would’ve made him suspicious” (82). Any actions out of the norm are viewed with scrutiny during the German occupation. The simple act of borrowing a book puts the Oostervelds, and the girls, at risk. Another way the novel emphasizes the danger of anything out of the ordinary is that Johan can’t write often to Rachel or the girls’ father, for fear that others might notice an increase in their mail. Thus, for their safety, people must carefully consider or sacrifice even everyday tasks or activities that most would have taken for granted before the war.

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