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46 pages 1 hour read

Valarie Kaur

See No Stranger: A Memoir and Manifesto of Revolutionary Love

Valarie KaurNonfiction | Autobiography / Memoir | Adult | Published in 2020

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Part 3, Chapter 7-EpilogueChapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3, Chapter 7 Summary

Content Warning: This section contains a description of a mass shooting.

Kaur struggled with painful episodes each month at the start of her menstrual cycle for four years. When Sharat’s father found out, he made an appointment for her as he was an expert in prenatal research. She received an endometriosis diagnosis after years of avoidance and shame. This condition went hand in hand with her vaginismus diagnosis, and surgery was recommended.

In addition to her work at Yale, she worked at Auburn Seminary in New York City, where she launched the Groundswell initiative to connect religious leaders with social justice campaigns. This was inspired by her experience watching a church become a central location for reforming the police department. She writes, “Groundswell soon became the largest online multifaith organizing community in the country” (213). This program helped teach faith leaders how to organize and make changes. Her career took off as she served as a political commentator for MSNBC and commuted between Manhattan and New Haven. Her stress levels rose, and her endometriosis worsened.

On August 5, 2012, a Sikh gurdwara was attacked by a shooter in Oak Creek, Wisconsin. The shooter and six others were declared dead, and it became the most violent crime committed against the Sikh community in US history. It was also the deadliest attack on a religious facility since the 1963 Birmingham bombing. Kaur and Sharat flew to Oak Creek within a few days of the shooting. They reported the events through radio, television, and print. They also worked directly with the families, providing counseling and directing a film team to record this moment for history. They ended up spending months in Oak Creek. Kaur canceled her surgery. She believed the Sikh community in Oak Creek had something to teach a wider audience about revolutionary love.

Kaur recounts the events of the shooting. Two Sikh men in their forties were outside in the parking lot, and two children were sitting in front of the gurdwara. A man, Wade Michael Page, pulled up in a truck. He approached the two men in the parking lot and shot them. A woman who was in a parked car in the lot witnessed these events, drove out of the parking lot, and called 911. The children ran inside to report the murders, and everyone rushed to hide. Page went inside the gurdwara and continued shooting, grazing a woman with a bullet in the foyer. Next, he shot and killed Paramjit Kaur, leaving her two sons motherless. In the kitchen, two women had left their hiding spots to turn off a burner on the stove. Bullets grazed them both before they returned to hiding in the pantry. Down the hall, he shot Suveg Singh Kattra, who was 84 years old. Next, he shot Baba Punjab Singh, a teacher. He did not die but could no longer move or speak after the incident due to an injury to his spinal cord. Prakash Singh, a father, was the next person shot. He was shot through the eye. Santokh Singh was shot in the stomach, but as Page reloaded, he escaped to a neighboring lawn and survived the attack. Satwant Singh Kaleka, a father of two sons, was murdered next.

Lieutenant Murphy was the first on the scene of the shooting. He called for an ambulance when he saw the bodies of the two brothers outside. At that time, Page emerged from the gurdwara, and both men fired shots at each other. The bullet from Page’s gun entered Murphy at his chin, and Murphy’s bullet missed. Murphy attempted to hide behind his car and then under it. He was shot 12 times. A second police officer, Sam Lenda, arrived and wounded Page. The shooter died by suicide.

Many condolences were offered by government officials as the days passed, but Kaur notes that “they refused to support gun safety laws, curb hate crimes, or actively combat white nationalism” (223). Kaur was filled with rage at their unwillingness to make change. The Sikh community elected to clean the gurdwara themselves. They requested that Obama come to Oak Creek to help draw attention to the massacre, but he did not come. At the shared memorial service that followed, Kaur advised the families to have open caskets so the world could view their tragedy. The shooting was labeled as a hate crime and an act of terrorism. However, before the week was over, the national news had moved on to other topics. About two weeks after the shooting, Michelle Obama visited the families of Oak Creek.

When the shooting occurred, hate crimes against different groups of people were not being tracked at the federal level. This began a movement for a policy change, and the federal government began tracking hate crimes “against Sikh Americans, along with Arabs, Buddhists, Mormons, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and Orthodox Christians” (237).

After three months in Oak Creek, Kaur returned home and had surgery for endometriosis. She was told that she had a short window in which she could consider pregnancy before the tissue began to grow back. As she prepared to leave with Sharat on their honeymoon, the Sandy Hook Elementary School massacre took place near their New Haven home. They drove to Newtown, and Kaur felt certain this would be the event that changed how the nation addressed gun violence. This tragedy, however, did not lead to the change she desired. Gun violence worsened, and attacks on places of worship worsened significantly. Kaur emphasizes the importance of rest, and she and Sharat embarked on a two-month backpacking honeymoon.

Part 3, Chapter 8 Summary

Their backpacking travels took them to Costa Rica, Turkey, Tanzania, New Zealand, and Indonesia. In her travels, she realized, “The earth is organized by violence—the routine termination of life, the bloody killing of creatures who think and feel and have societies of their own. The earth is also organized by labors of love” (255). She also came to believe that there was a movement across the Earth to recognize humanity’s oneness and love those who are not one’s kin. She began to feel released from the shame and trauma that had been ingrained in her body since she was a child. By the end of their journey, she could have intercourse with Sharat without pain. She notes that healing takes a long time and is itself a labor. Kaur advises readers to orient themselves to the present and recognize the safety in it. She feels that an important part of her recovery was recognizing the work her thighs did in protecting her and thanking them. After this, she noticed that her muscles relaxed.

Kaur returned to her childhood home as her father’s mother was dying—the one that made her mother miserable as a young wife. She saw her mother helping her grandmother die with grace and realized her mother moved through the rage she once felt. Her grandmother passed away the next morning. She was cremated, and her ashes were placed in the Pacific Ocean. Kaur’s mother explained that she forgave her husband’s mother to relieve the burden of carrying her hurt.

This led Kaur to think about Roshan, who had sent her a letter requesting her forgiveness after the gun incident. She notes that she was not ready to consider forgiveness then, but after watching her mother forgive her grandmother, she desired to forgive Roshan and have closure. She worked on forgiving him in her heart. Years later, he reached out to invite her to his wedding. She decided to call him with a series of prepared questions, hoping that he would acknowledge the depth of the damage he caused. He listened to her experience and recognized that his acts were the cause. He, too, desired to make amends She chose to attend his wedding, and although she found it painful, she did feel relief as she watched him begin a new life. She felt Papa Ji would be thankful.

Two years after the wedding, the #MeToo movement began, and she voiced her experience as a Sikh woman who experienced sexual assault. She realized that she wanted more than punishment for those who had behaved violently. Instead, she desired “accountability, apology, and transformation” (266). Curiosity about Roshan’s ability and willingness to apologize arose, and she called him, asking for his side of the story. He said that he was in a state of consciousness somewhere between being awake and asleep on the night of the sexual assault. Nonetheless, he took full responsibility for his behavior and admitted anger at himself and his brokenness as a teen. He explained that his threats against Sharat arose out of a fear of cultural loss. Concerning the time he brought a gun to meet her, he intended to attempt suicide out of shame for the things he did to her. He fired the gun into his chin when she left, but he had loaded the incorrect bullets. Kaur realized that Roshan’s process was one of self-reconciliation, and Roshan realized that his closure was dependent on Kaur’s healing.

Kaur wishes America were able to make similar reparations for its history. She wants the nation to take ownership of the groups of people who have experienced generational trauma based on the nation’s decisions. She wants reconciliation to be offered.

At the end of the chapter, she moved with Sharat to live in Venice Beach and work at Stanford Law School.

Part 3, Chapter 9 Summary

Kaur surprised Sharat with a positive pregnancy test, and pregnancy symptoms began almost at once. She gave birth in December to a baby boy named Kavi Singh Raju. Transition is the medical term used to describe the time just before giving birth when contractions are extremely close together. Kaur thinks of transition as a metaphor for some of the most challenging times in our lives. During her transition when birthing Kavi, she felt she could not continue but was brave at the same time. She acknowledges that this bravery allowed her to face so many of her life’s challenges.

Kaur describes the two parts of herself the Little Critic, who criticizes her, and the Wise Woman, who encourages her and others. She practices listening to the Wise Woman and allowing her to speak. She writes: “I believe that deep wisdom resides within each of us. Some call this voice by different sacred names—Spirit, God, Jesus, Allah, Om, Buddha-nature, Waheguru” (281). For many, this internal voice has a spiritual resonance. For others, it is just a guiding voice.

On February 10, 2015, shortly after Kaur gave birth, there was another hate crime in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Three Muslim students were shot in the head. Kaur took her eight-week-old son to a candlelight vigil held for these students in California. As the 2016 election approached, hate crimes rose again. Kaur heard that a Sikh man was attacked in Fresno, her hometown, and she began to question how she could keep her son safe. Kaur felt panic when Trump won the 2016 presidential election but felt joy as she completed a bedtime routine with her partner and son, including singing and a bedtime story. Kaur asserts that progress is often “cyclical, not linear” (286). In short, the justice for which people fight often contracts before it expands. She continues to see glimpses of the type of nation America could become, and hope lies in this imagined future.

On the 15th anniversary of Uncle Balbir’s death, Kaur returned to the gas station where he was murdered. Each year, family, friends, and neighbors come together to spread out white sheets and share hot food around Balbir’s memorial plaque. Kaur asked Rana Sodhi, his surviving brother, if he would talk to his brother’s murderer by choice. Rana acknowledged that he would, so Kaur arranged a call with Frank Roque, and the two spoke. Roque acknowledged that 9/11 played a significant role in his actions. He stated, “What happened was a result of mental breakdown” (295). He did not take direct responsibility in the way Kaur desired, but Rana heard remorse in his voice. Roque offered an apology, and Rana told him he did not wish for him to be imprisoned for life. Kaur felt relieved after the phone call.

Kaur recalls that she once had a daydream about her future son while receiving acupuncture. She remembers being lit up by the love she felt for him. In the vision, he transformed into a man, signaling to her that his future was secure. She gave birth to Kavi seven years after this vision.

Epilogue Summary

Joyce, a friend who had become like a mother to Kaur, was dying. Kaur and her mother went to help Joyce transition. Kaur watched her labor through dying. In Sikh tradition, daughters wash and dress the body of their deceased mother. Kaur and her mother washed and dressed Joyce after her passing and attended her cremation. The next day, Kaur realized she was pregnant and began referring to the new life growing inside of her as “Little Joy.” She had hyperemesis during the first four months of her pregnancy and used a wheelchair during the last five months. She wrote every day through the entire pregnancy and went into labor just two days after sending her book to her editor.

While in labor, Kaur envisioned herself visiting her new child in a meadow. She returned to this meadow between contractions until her daughter arrived and was laid on her chest. She named her Ananda, meaning joy.

Part 3, Chapter 7-Epilogue Analysis

In these chapters, Kaur continues to grow. She learns to stop avoiding her health experiences with endometriosis and to stop being ashamed of her struggle with vaginismus. She has surgery for endometriosis, and then she travels with Sharat for their honeymoon. While traveling she recovers from some of her traumatic experiences in ways that she had not before. Her new ability to painlessly make love with her husband symbolizes her healing from her trauma and moving forward with love as her guiding principle. She uses these events in her life to illustrate the importance of rest, emphasizing that it is easy for members of marginalized communities to become burned out. To be able to continue fighting for equal rights, people need time to rest, reflect, and recover.

When the shooting at Oak Creek happens, she learns that she is strong enough to bear witness to the mourning afterward. She uses frank language to recount this massacre, naming each victim and describing their deaths to reflect the gravity of the event. Recounting the victims’ names is also a purposeful act of memorialization; Kaur juxtaposes her text with the media response, which fades away within a week. Along with this specific event, Kaur aims to draw attention to the hate crimes and mass shootings that continue to occur in America. She also uses this event to show that not all police officers are biased, another juxtaposition from earlier scenes of police brutality. She emphasizes that several officers continue to visit the gurdwara many months after the massacre and interact with the community members there by choice. This is an example of the better future Kaur asks readers to envision.

In Chapter 8, Kaur begins to understand forgiveness in a new way. She watches her mother care for her mother-in-law as she nears death despite their fraught past relationship. This event inspires her to seek out reconciliation in her own life. She wants to reconcile with Roshan, and after several phone calls with him, they understand each other. Roshan apologizes, and Kaur feels closure. Likewise, Kaur works with Rana Sodhi to contact his brother’s murderer. Over a phone call, Rana hears what he needs to hear from him and expresses his regret that he is serving a life sentence. In keeping with transformative justice principles, Kaur believes that punishment is not a sufficient solution for crime. Instead, she wants criminals to take accountability for their actions and understand their impact and the ways they have changed because of their actions. She finds this type of justice much more satisfying than punishment and suggests that readers consider pursuing it in their own lives. This interpersonal relationship becomes a metaphor for justice and reconciliation more broadly, and Kaur uses this chapter to criticize America’s failure to recognize its mistakes. With this, honest reflection and reparations to marginalized communities become part of her vision for a better future.

Two symbols appear in Chapter 9, which Kaur labels the Little Critic and the Wise Woman. These are the two voices that she hears within herself, one positive and one negative. In this chapter, she grows into listening to the Wise Woman over the Little Critic. She encourages readers to do the same. Within Chapter 9, she also grows into the role of mother when she gives birth to Kavi Singh Raju. She is astounded by the hardships her son will face in this world because of the color of his skin, but even after Trump’s election, she is hopeful for a better future. Her hope rises out of the power to reimagine the world. She knows that not all that she has fought for has been lost and emphasizes that progress is circular, not linear. The emphasis on radical imagination becomes a mantra for activists in these last chapters, and Kaur’s children symbolize her faith in a better future. This symbol is strengthened when Kaur names her daughter Ananda, meaning joy. The emphasis is that her joy cannot be taken away, and she continues to reimagine how the world should look and fight for those who are marginalized.

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