54 pages • 1 hour read
Jack KerouacA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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In Denver, Sal visits the house where Chad King lives with his parents. Though Dean and Carlo are in the city, Chad has not yet seen them. Sal realizes that there is an issue between some of his friends, as Chad is no longer talking to either Dean or Carlo. Sal is in the middle of a split between two sections of his friendship group. Dean, the son of a destitute alcoholic who spent many years in juvenile detention, comes from a hugely different background than many of Sal’s other friends. Sal spends a night in Chad’s home, which is cooled by a special fan that Chad’s father invented.
Sal and a friend named Roland Major stay in an apartment owned by the parents of another friend, Tim Gray. While Roland is also a writer, he doesn’t approve of the bohemian “arty types” (27) he says he increasingly sees everywhere. Sal asks his friends about Dean, but none of them answer his questions. Eventually, Sal receives a call from Carlo, who tells him that Dean is now in a relationship with a woman named Camille. Dean is splitting his time between Camille and Marylou, feeding lies to both women while also having sex with them. When Dean is free, he and Carlo spend long hours talking together and taking drugs such as Benzedrine. Occasionally, they attend strange events such as car racing in which all the drivers are little people.
One evening, Sal goes with Carlo to find Dean. Camille doesn’t like Carlo, so he hides while Sal approaches the front door. Dean answers the door fully nude, as he was in bed with Camille, but leaves her to go to a bar with Sal and Carlo. They meet up with a group of women that includes Rita Bettencourt, a waitress who Dean thinks will get along well with Sal. The get-together becomes a big party. Sal encourages everyone to return to the apartment where he’s staying, but Roland refuses to let them in. Instead, the group wanders around town. Eventually, Sal realizes that he’s all alone and out of money. He returns to the apartment and falls into a deep and satisfying sleep.
Eddie, the alcoholic, whom Sal met while hitchhiking, appears in Denver. Dean encourages Eddie and Sal to find jobs at the local street market. Sal doesn’t want to work; he’s happy to stay rent-free in Roland’s apartment, especially because Roland buys all the food in exchange for Sal’s cooking and cleaning. Sal attends a party thrown by his friends, the Rawlinses, and then leaves to find Carlo. He visits Carlo’s house, where Carlo reads him a new poem while they wait for Dean to arrive. Sal sits and listens to Carlo and Dean talk, but his attention drifts and he occasionally pretends to fall asleep. The conversation covers many topics but seems to lack any real structure. The next day, Sal walks home as the sun rises over the mountains.
Roland, the Rawlinses, Tim, and Sal take a trip through the Rocky Mountains to a tourist mine town named Central City. They spend their weekend in an old mining shack. The entertainment includes a production of the opera Fidelio, and Sal is thoroughly pleased with the experience. The group throws a party in their shack, after which Sal goes to the local bars with Tim and Ray Rawlins. In one bar, they spot Denver D. Doll, a local legend who shakes everyone’s hands. A fight breaks out between Ray and some locals, so the men run into the street to escape. Sal feels the ghosts of the dead miners everywhere in the town. Afterward, Ray gets into another fight, and the men are thrown out. They sleep in the dusty shack and then drive back to Denver in the morning.
Back in Denver, Sal learns that Dean and Carlo were in Central City at the same time but did not know that he was there. Sal goes on a date with Rita and tries to convince her to sleep with him, but she shows little affection toward him. As Sal makes the decision to go to San Francisco and begins to say goodbye to everyone, more of his friends arrive in Denver. Eventually, Sal gets his missing shirt back from Eddie and the others decide to join him on the trip to San Francisco. Sal’s aunt wires him more money and he catches a bus west.
The early interactions between Sal and his friends in Denver hint at the way in which Dean forges very meaningful, very intense friendships with people who eventually become burned out and resentful. Carlo and Dean’s friendship foreshadows the bond between Dean and Sal. The long, introspective conversations between Carlo and Dean are the precursors to Sal and Dean’s adventures; the conversations and the journeys are forms of self-expression in which the participants try to learn more about themselves and the world they inhabit. Sal struggles to understand the conversations between Dean and Carlo, just as other people struggle to understand the trips Sal takes with Dean. To outsiders, the friendship seems strange, but to those involved, nothing is more important. The relationship between Carlo and Dean eventually turns sour, but they will always have the memories of their long conversations. In the same way, Dean and Sal’s relationship doesn’t last, but Sal retains his memories of the time they spend together for the rest of his life.
For all the high-minded discussions, many of Sal’s descriptions of his friends hint at an emptiness and a sadness within. Sal describes Denver as a vibrant and exciting place, but he mentions that Carlo’s poetry paints a different vision of the city. Carlo sees Denver as dull and uninteresting. (Interestingly, when Sal visits the city without his friends later in the novel, he realizes that Carlo’s version of Denver was closer to reality.) Likewise, Sal sees the Rocky Mountains in the distance as though they are papier-mâché, meaning that they are unreal and lack substance. The mining town they visit is a tourist attraction rather than a functioning community. These descriptions hint that the world Sal describes is a heightened version of reality, a social construct given life by the presence of his friends. The excitement and joy that he experiences with Dean and the others infuses the dull, hollow town with an energy and an importance it doesn’t really have. The descriptions of Denver suggest that the similarly high-minded and effusive descriptions of other locations in the novel might not be accurate either.
Despite these hints of inauthenticity, Sal believes his gathering of friends has a purpose. Sal, Carlo, and his writer friends are trying to capture something culturally significant in their work. They’re a part of a generation of writers who are separate from past generations. They do not want to play by the rules that governed their parents’ society, so they abandon themselves to debauchery, criminality, and other counter-culture behavior. However, these attempts are all framed by what has come before. The writers imitate the past generations, trying to become the new Ernest Hemingway or Marcel Proust. The men are rebelling against the existing society rather than trying to create something new and original. Though they see themselves as an entirely innovative movement, everything the characters do is a reaction to the existing world. For all their ambitions, they’re just as in thrall to the past as everyone else.
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By Jack Kerouac