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J. K. RowlingA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The Prisoner of Azkaban is a tale of misdirection and shocking reveals. In a world full of disguises and misinformation, Harry struggles to understand the difference between what is true and what is false. Rowling uses a wide range of characters in The Prisoner of Azkaban to show that things aren’t always what they seem.
Three characters—Lupin, Black, and Pettigrew—prove this point. Lupin, who is portrayed as exceptionally kind and trustworthy at the beginning of the novel, is revealed to be a werewolf. Although Lupin is a good person in his human form, he acknowledges that he is extremely dangerous in his werewolf form. Lupin notes that parents “will not want a werewolf teaching their children” (423), and he acknowledges that he and his friends were “young, thoughtless—carried away with our own cleverness” (355). They took too many risks with his werewolf form. Lupin’s character shows a great duality between gentleness and brutality—trustworthiness and bloodthirstiness—and his appearance doesn’t initially betray the dangerous beast that lurks within him.
For Black, the opposite is true. Black is widely presented as a convicted murderer and follower of Lord Voldemort, but despite his frightening, corpse-like appearance and rough demeanor, Black turns out to be innocent. However, Black’s assumed guilt is so widespread that even Dumbledore—who tends to see the best in everyone—believes he is a murderer. But Black’s behavior, though impulsive and prone to outbursts, does not mirror his reputation. When he breaks into the Gryffindor Tower to get Scabbers, he runs away when Ron wakes up. This confuses Harry, who thinks about how “Black had proved twelve years ago that he didn’t mind murdering innocent people, and this time he had been facing five unarmed boys” (271). Yet instead of killing them, he simply ran off. This hints that Black was never a murderer, and despite his gruff exterior, Black is a moral person and quite unlike his public image.
Finally, Rowling pulls the greatest surprise of the novel by revealing that Scabbers, Ron’s beloved pet rat who has been a constant character in the series, is actually a murderer in disguise. The Harry Potter series is full of hundreds of characters, most of whom serve simply to fill in the background, so the idea that an extremely minor character like Scabbers would become a key part of the plot is an unexpected decision. Ron’s pet rat turned out to be a traitor hiding in plain sight, and Black comments that Pettigrew was a “weak, talentless thing” (369), which is why they made Pettigrew the Secret-Keeper for the Potters. Black thought that Voldemort would never dream the Potters would use someone like Pettigrew, but as Black discovered, there was far more to Pettigrew than meets the eye. Pettigrew had a reputation of being an innocent boy, which is why everyone thought Black killed him. In reality, however, Pettigrew “yelled for the whole street to hear that [Black] betrayed Lily and James” (363) before committing the very murders that Black was accused of. Pettigrew uses his docile appearance and theatrics to commit his evildoing and escape without consequence.
The Harry Potter series has never been one to shy away from frightening situations. In the first novels, Harry and his friends battled giant snakes, trolls, and even the Dark Lord Voldemort. Still, Rowling uses The Prisoner of Azkaban to tackle the idea that facing one’s fears may require a variety of methods. Professor Lupin introduces a boggart on the first day of Defense Against the Dark Arts. Boggarts assume the form of what people fear the most, and although most of the students have generic fears of monsters or scary images from a horror story, some of the forms the boggart chooses to take are more complex and surprising.
Lupin’s boggart, for example, changes into the moon when it sees Lupin. The full moon represents the time of the month when Lupin becomes a werewolf, and therefore it represents the moment he feels the most dangerous and out-of-control. For Lupin, facing his fears means coming to terms with the fact that he will always be a werewolf, and although there are steps he can take to try to keep himself and his students safe, he lives with the fear that he is really a monster at his core. Lupin combats this fear by doing his best to be responsible, even when it hurts him, such as when he decides to resign from Hogwarts. Harry notices that when Lupin faces the boggart, he “almost lazily” dismisses the silvery moon, which hints that Lupin has mostly come to terms with his worst fear. Lupin’s preferred method of tackling his fear is acceptance.
Neville Longbottom’s boggart takes the form of Professor Snape. He is terrified of Snape because Snape, a habitual bully, often looks for opportunities to embarrass Neville. Lupin encourages Neville to imagine Snape dressed in Neville’s grandmother’s clothes, which replaces his fear with laughter. Lupin urges his students to find a way to transform their worst fear into something to laugh at, which is another method of facing one’s fears. By making light of a frightening situation, a person may come to no longer fear something or someone.
In Harry’s case, however, the boggart becomes a dementor, which is not something he can accept or make light of. Instead, Harry must fight his fear and defeat it with truth. Lupin remarks that because Harry’s boggart would become a dementor, “what you fear most of all is—fear” (155). Dementors represent darkness and terror, and Harry must learn to cling to hope and joy if he is to overcome his boggart. Not all fears can be handled the same way but facing them down can be freeing and fulfilling in the long run.
Throughout The Prisoner of Azkaban, Rowling delves into the concept of injustice. The final mission in the novel—Harry and Hermione’s adventure with the Time-Turner—highlights three separate examples of injustice and how they must be corrected. Rowling, therefore, uses this final adventure to show that sometimes a little rule-breaking is necessary to ensure that justice is served.
Harry and Hermione’s first mission is to rescue Buckbeak from his planned execution. Buckbeak’s trial and appeal are examples of how the justice system can be broken to the point of creating injustice. Although Malfoy is the one who broke the rules, insulted Buckbeak, and got himself hurt, Hagrid knows that the Committee responsible for the ruling is “in Lucius Malfoy’s pocket” (293), and there will be no justice for Buckbeak. Harry and Hermione go against the ruling by rescuing Buckbeak from the pumpkin patch before he can be executed, and Hagrid is delighted to know that his beloved hippogriff will get a second chance at life.
The dementors are forbidden from performing the Dementor’s Kiss unless instructed to do so, but this does not stop them from attempting it on Harry, who is innocent. Although Harry promises Hermione that he will follow the rules of the Time-Turner and that he’s “not going to try and interfere” (410) with events that have already happened, he steps in and rescues their past selves from the dementors. An injustice was playing out before Harry’s eyes, and he knew he had to break the rules to stop it.
Finally, Harry and Hermione fly Buckbeak up to the room of the castle where Sirius is being held prisoner. Although Harry and Hermione know that Black is an innocent man, Dumbledore warns them, “There is not a shred of proof to support Black’s story, except [Harry and Hermione’s] word— and the word of two thirteen-year-old wizards will not convince anybody” (392). A mountain of evidence is stacked against Black, and because Harry and Hermione know the truth, they take it upon themselves to rescue Black and send him off to safety with Buckbeak. If the Ministry of Magic ever found out what they did, they would be in serious trouble, but sometimes correcting an injustice requires breaking the rules.
Secrets are nothing new at Hogwarts, and in The Prisoner of Azkaban, Harry and his friends find themselves unraveling multiple layers of deception to uncover the truth of what happened on the night of the Potters’ murders. Although the adults in Harry’s life believe they are protecting him by withholding information, Rowling implies that secret-keeping can have unexpected and dangerous consequences, while knowing the truth can be empowering.
When Harry stumbles across Mr. and Mrs. Weasley having a fight at the beginning of the novel, Mrs. Weasley insists that “the truth would terrify [Harry],” whereas Mr. Weasley states that “Harry’s got a right to know” (65). As Harry listens on, he realizes that Sirius Black is after him. Had he known this, he might not have stormed out of the Dursleys’ house in the middle of the night, and he might have been a little more careful. Harry is annoyed that the adults in his life don’t trust him with information like this, and he feels disrespected.
These feelings intensify when Harry again eavesdrops on the teachers and Fudge in the Leaky Cauldron and learns about the role Black supposedly played in the death of Harry’s parents. Harry is furious, wondering, “Why had nobody ever told him?” (211). The adults closest to Harry probably thought they were shielding him from a terrible truth, but for Harry this feels like another level of deception and betrayal.
Ironically, once Harry, Ron, and Hermione are in the Shrieking Shack with Lupin and Black, the pattern of deception and withholding information comes to a stop. As Lupin and Black tell him the truth about Peter Pettigrew and what happened the night the Potters were killed, Harry begins to feel more in control of the situation. Lupin insists that Harry is “the only person who has the right to decide” (376) what happens to Peter Pettigrew, and he also tells Black that Black owes it to Harry to tell him the truth about what happened that night. Lupin and Black want to equip Harry with the truth rather than keep him in the dark, unlike the other adults in Harry’s life who didn’t even want him to know that his life was in danger. With the full understanding of what happened with Black, Pettigrew, and the Potters, Harry chooses to trust Black and Lupin.
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By J. K. Rowling